csml

Speculations on Cosmology

My continued interest in cosmology left me with the impression, that today's 'Standard Cosmology' is able to produce numerical results of astonishing accuracy when compared with experimental findings. However, a fundamental understanding appears to be lacking. In this situation I started to think about the hypothesis that matter and antimatter might repel each other (MAR), an attractive idea that has continued to flare up in the literature almost since the discovery of antimatter by Paul Dirac (1928).

Today the Astrophysics community has banned this idea on the grounds of Einstein's theory General Relativity (GR), and it is hardly ever mentioned in modern textbooks any more. This is astonishing considering the fact that GR was presented in 1915, more than a dozen years before the advent of antimatter. A similar relation holds true for Friedmann's models (1922) which are the basis of today's 'Standard Model' of the Cosmos. In addition they violate nature's probably most fundamental CPT symmetry. This symmetry continues to be tested carefully which no unique consensus as of today. However, the Astropysics community seems to be more inclined to wait for the discovery of such a violation than to allow putting to question whether GR is able to handle antimatter correctly.

Many of the difficulties in a fundamental understanding of features of the 'Standard Model' would conceivably disappear if we went back to this old idea, such that I started to ask the heretical question, whether there might not be a generalization or modification of GR that was compatible with MAR.
There is a vast literature on Cosmology of which I only mention the very concise and well readable books by Andrew Liddle in which the basic questions are clearly exposed.

In the following I list a chronologically ordered sequence of short essays on the topic, which have to be considered as reports of work in progress. They are purposely left unchanged despite of the fact that they occasionally contain statements that turned out to be incorrect later on.
  1. Evidence for Matter-Antimatter Repulsion, a list of the most conspicuous problems that would find a straightforward explanation with MAR.
  2. Bipolar Gravity, a first step towards a modification of GR. These are purely static considerations.
  3. Lattice Model of the Universe, a regular model which exemplifies that MAR generates a contribution to the dark matter problem. However, the effect was grossly overestimated at the time.
  4. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Swiss Physical Society, 15.-17. June 2011 in Lausanne
    Review and further progress (radiation pressure, neutrinos as possible Dark Matter candidates)
  5. Physics with Negative Masses (https://viXra.org/abs/1303.0100) is a proposal to have negative gravitational masses in physics as the consequence of the requirement that the time-translation operator must have an unbounded spectrum. This route was taken after it became clear that General Relativity is unable to accommodate negative masses, since positive- and negative-curvature situations can never be equivalent.
  6. "Black Hole"-type objects (https://viXra.org/abs/1311.0120) obtain a new aspect in negative-mass Physics. They just represent a further level in the sequence of late-stage states of stars, after the various dwarf types and the neutron stars. Their expected high temperatures could lead to antimatter generation, which may show up in emitted slow positrons and electrons, giving rise to the galactic 511keV gamma-ray emission. Furthermore, they may provide a simple explanation for Black-Hole jets.
  7. A Remark on Relativistic Quantum Mechanics (https://viXra.org/abs/1407.0124) in which it is shown, that negative masses are a consequence of the two-valuedness of the representations of the Lorentz-group in Hilbert space. This elaborates on an earlier statement that the worrying negative-energy solutions of the Dirac equation are actually negative-mass solutions.
  8. What's Wrong with General Relativity? (https://viXra.org/abs/1502.0067) A simple argument is presented, which questions the consistency and, hence, validity of the theory of General Relativity. This theory allows exclusively for non-negative masses and so is the main obstacle to accepting any proposal of a gravitation-theory with negative masses.
  9. Static Fields as Mass-Currents and Mercury'sperihelion shift (https://viXra.org/abs/1505.0078) The quantum-field nature of static classical fields is explored. They appear as stationary mass-flows and, thus, should exhibit retardation effects. This aspect revalidates an early calculation of Mercury's perihelion shift.
  10. What's Wrong with General Relativity? (2) (https://viXra.org/abs/1506.0038) Arguments are advanced that question whether dynamic corrections (retardation effects) will not substantially modify the result of General Relativity for the perihelion shift of Mercury and, thus, destroy the good agreement with the experiment.
  11. Lattice model of a MAR-Cosmos (https://viXra.org/abs/2008.0160). The model is defined on a 3-dimensional periodic lattice and illustrates the separation of matter and antimatter. The initial state is a randomly-distributed density of both species on the lattice sites, without any intended implication for the actual Cosmos! An illustration is given by the following two videos:
    Dotted representation, in which matter and antimatter are represented by yellow and cyan dots (in either assignment). A frame in white shows the unit cell of the model.
    Contours in stereo, where contours are shown which contain 50% of the total mass of matter and antimatter. For a stereo impression the left-hand picture has to be watched with the right-hand eye and vice versa.
  12. On Generations in Elementary Particle Physics (https://viXra.org/abs/1609.0214). This is a spin-off from a consideration of representations of the Lorentz Group.
  13. On Gravitational Waves and Black Holes (https://viXra.org/abs/1710.0252). This short note questions whether the observed gavitational waves can be attributed unambiguously to the merger of black holes.
  14. What's Wrong with the Weak Interaction? (https://viXra.org/abs/1805.0521). Further studies of the representations of the Lorentz Group revealed the full structure of leptons, the light elementary particles. It also transpired that anti-particles are related to particles by improper Lorentz transformations, such as parity or time reversal. There seems to be no need for a fundamental 'Weak Force'.
  15. On Quantum Field Theory and Gravitation (https://viXra.org/abs/1911.0010). Quantum fields are considered as representations of the Lorentz group, the symmetry group of space-time. There are two propagation mechanisms.
    1. Spin propagation is specific for the various spin-carrying field types, but does not affect the scalar field.
    2. Density propagation originates in the density property of fields and it's dependence on Lorentz contraction. This propagation affects all fields alike and is the only propagation mode for the scalar field. Thus, we conclude that density propagation is the action of gravity, and that the scalar field is the gravitational field.
    It is argued that space-time is flat and that, what general relativity calls the geometry of space-time, is actually the local metric of the scalar field. MAR then follows directly!
  16. On the Polarization of Gravitational Waves (https://viXra.org/abs/2001.0398). The type of waves proposed by General Relativity (GR) violate translation invariance within phase planes of a planar wave. This opens the questions whether GR allows for gravitational waves at all, and thus, whether it has any physical significance. Because the argument is somewhat abstract, this illustrating video shows how such a wave type would lead to completely arbitrary wave patterns.
  17. Einstein's Spook (https://viXra.org/abs/2011.0045). Einstein's equivalence principle implies a "spooky interaction at a distance", meaning that actions would have to take place instantaneously over arbitrary large distances. This is in disagreement with Special Relativity and questions GR afresh.
  18. Density-Mediated Propagation, Direct-Gravity, and Interaction of the Higgs-Boson (https://viXra.org/abs/2104.0126). As a consequence of density-mediated propagation all spin-zero fields must have proportional interactions to massive fields (see 15.2). This explains why the Higgs-field interacts with massive particles proportional to their mass, as does the gravitational field.
  19. On Representations of the Lorentz Group (https://viXra.org/abs/2105.0060). More detailed version of the mathematics sketched in the work of point 15, above ( see publication).
  20. On the Orbital Frequency of Coalescing Stars (https://viXra.org/abs/2106.0010). Gravitational waves of coalescing high-density stars show quite constant limiting frequencies, 300 to 400 Hz, at the moment of coalescence. This is in contrast to estimates for "black holes".
  21. What's Wrong with the Standard Model? (https://viXra.org/abs/2110.0025). The new type of representations described in the above article leads to a new classification of elementary excitations. There is no need to introduce additional, so-called intrinsic symmetries. The corresponding degrees of freedom follow directly from the basic symmetry group of space-time, the Lorentz group.
  22. On MOND’s Missing-Mass Problem in Galaxy Clusters (https://viXra.org/abs/2205.0094). The matter-anti-matter model, the MAR- Cosmos proposed here (point 11 above), leads to a straightforward correction which removes the problem of missing ("dark") mass encountered in the description of gravity by MOND, the modification of Newtons law of gravitation, proposed by Milgrom.
  23. Cosmological Redshift from Light Acceleration (https://viXra.org/abs/2210.0118). The redshift of light from distant galaxies is explained as contionuous loss of energy of the corresponding photons during their journey through the Univers, caused by a constantly changing gravitational field. This can be interpreted as a "Bremsstrahlung" effect in which the light looses energy by continuously emitting gravitons, (the "Bremsstrahlung"), in the actual gravitational field.
  24. Mercury in a Quantum-Gravitational Field (https://viXra.org/abs/2212.0038). The relativistic orbits of planets in the quantum-gravitational field of a star are calculated. They show periastron precessions which agree with experiments (Mercury) as well as with results of General Relativity ( see publication).
Of course I am eagerly awaiting the results of the AEgIS-, ALPHA-, and GBAR-experiments at CERN which try to measure the deflection of antihydrogen atoms in the gravitational field of the earth.